aggrssion

a behavior that is intended to injure someone rather than a behavior that is simply competitive, energetic, or assertive

testosterone effects aggression - organizes the brain towards aggression - circulation testosterone activates aggression

EX: Male Prisoners: positive relationship between testosterone levels and history of arrests/aggressive behavior

men producing high levels of testosterone are less likely to marry, more likely to divorce, more likely to leave marriages

delinquency, drug use, and alcohol abuse

the relationship between testosterone and aggression is stronger in low than high socioeconomic status -- enviornmental influence